International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 9, Issue 3(December 2011)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 9, Issue 3 (December, 2011) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	PRACTICAL BROADBAND MICROSTRIP FILTER DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION METHOD
1.	by Abdullah Eroglu, Tracy Cline & Bill Westrick
Abstract	Broadband microstrip filter operating within 1.5GHz bandwidth at UHF range for RF communication systems has been designed, simulated, and implemented using a practical network parameter method. The design has been performed using the network parameter method with ABCD parameters, which simplified the analysis significantly. The analytical, simulated and measured results have been compared and excellent agreement is observed. It has been shown that the network parameter method such as the one presented in this paper can be used to design and implement broadband microstrip filters with high accuracy.

2.	THE POSSIBILITY OF USING LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
2.	by Zainal Zakaria & Zulaikha Shahrum
Abstract	Domestic refrigerators annually consume approximately 17,500 metric tons of traditional refrigerants such as Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Hydroflourocarbon (HFC) which contribute to very high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). Good progress is being made with the phase out of CFC 22 from new equipment manufacture by replacing LPG since it possesses an environmentally friendly nature with no ODP. LPG is expected to results in comparable product efficiencies based on its characteristics. Therefore, this two types of refrigerants (LPG and CFC 22) to be examined using a modified domestic refrigerator in term of their performance characteristics parameters such as pressure and temperature at specified location at the refrigerator and the safety requirements while conducting the experiment. Based on the present work, it is indicate that the successful of using LPG as an alternative refrigerant to replace CFC 22 in domestic refrigerators is possible by getting LPG COP as 13 compared to 10 for CFC22.

3.	ECO-FRIENDLY GREEN INHIBITOR TO IMPROVE THE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CONTAMINATED BY CHLORIDE AND SULPHATE
3.	by Abdulrahman A.S. & Mohammad Ismail
Abstract	In recent years the use of inhibitors in producing high performance concrete has increased significantly as a result of chloride and sulphate attacks. The present inhibitors in market are toxic to the environment. Hence, the objective of the present investigation was to study a novel, eco-friendly and hydrophobic green plant extracts inhibitor (Bambusa Arundinacea) and compares its effectiveness with calcium nitrite and ethanolamine inhibitors. Concrete mix was designed to 30MPa with 0.45 W/C ratios and tested at 7, 28 and 90 days. 1.5% and 4.5% weight of cement content of chloride and sulphate were added as an analytical grade of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate. Inhibitors additions were 2% and 4%. The results of the inhibitors studied showed that Bambusa Arundinacea exhibited superior compressive strength compared to calcium nitrite and ethanolamine. Bambusa Arundinacea may be considered a better substitute for nitrite and amine- based corrosion inhibiting admixtures for durable concrete structures due its geometric pore blocking effects.

4.	EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY USING COSINE-FUNCTION METHOD
4.	by Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Afaf A. Zaghrout & Amal M. Elshaer
Abstract	In this paper, we establish exact solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations. The cosine method is used to construct periodic and solitary wave solutions.

5.	EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY USING THE EXTENDED MULTIPLE RICCATI EQUATIONS EXPANSION METHOD
5.	by Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Afaf A. Zaghrout & Amal M. Elshaer
Abstract	In this paper, the extended multiple Riccati equations expansion method has been used to construct a series of double soliton- like solutions, double triangular function solutions and complexiton soliton solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations , we obtain many new types of complexiton soliton solutions, i.e various combination of trigonometric periodic function and hyperbolic function solutions, various combination of trigonometric periodic function and rational function solutions, various combination of hyperbolic function and rational function solutions.

6.	SUPER GRACEFUL LABELING FOR SOME SPECIAL GRAPHS
6.	by M.A.Perumal, S.Navaneethakrishnan, S.Arockiaraj & A.Nagarajan
Abstract	Let G be a (p,q) graph. A bijective function f:V(G) U E(G) →{1,2,...,p+q} such that f(uv)= \|f(u)-f(v)\| for every edge uv єE(G) is said to be a super graceful labeling. A graph G is called a super graceful graph if it admits a super graceful labeling. In this paper, we show that the graphs P_n-1 (1,2,...,n), Coconut tree, K_m,n, S_m,n and B(m,n,k) are super graceful graphs.

7.	ANALYSIS OF THE DISCREPANCIES FABRICATING ERROR OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
7.	by Ali Mehdi, Kachouri Abdennacer & Samet Mounir
Abstract	Microstrip patches can be very efficient candidates for inexpensive antennas when narrow bandwidth and medium gain are required. However, divergence in substrate parameters and manufacturing tolerances mean that a wider frequency bandwidth and a better control of radiation characteristics are necessary in the mass production of printed antennas. The theory developed here is quite adequate to solve antenna problems involving dielectrics. The discrepancy between designed and measured resonant frequency could be overcome. In this paper an available method to enhance the antenna bandwidth is presented to solve the shifting of the resonance frequency. The proposed trick here is to shift the feeding point and so the traditional antenna is converted to a dual frequency operating for two clause frequencies. On the other hand a trimming of the external fingers of the loading device is operated to adjust the capacitance needed to obtain an accurate impedance matching.

8.	THEORETICAL APPROACHES RELATED TO OPTIMAL CONTRACTS IN CASE OF MORAL HAZARD
8.	by Tudor Colomeischi
Abstract	This paper emphasizes an important issue as concerns the theory of contracts: the moral hazard. The paper begins with a description of the general model of moral hazard for discrete cases, where the variant of two effort levels is solved. Then, solving of the model is pointed out, by the method of first order approximation, concluding with a generalization of the moral hazard model for more effort levels.

9.	POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS USING INFORMATION ABOUT EXPLICIT AND TACIT KNOWLEDGE
9.	by Eugenia Ianca & Simona Buta
Abstract	Carrying out activities in any field of knowledge (economy, medicine, chemistry, biology, systems engineering etc.) have always need a sort of information or knowledge volume, as regards those activities, needing a succession of decisions and choice between two or more alternatives. Moreover, the performance in any field of knowledge needs some scenarios issuance, regarding some critical indicators that define a short issue. The intelligent systems technology has in view the solving of some complex issues in different fields that need the human expertise, being though restricted in the situation of concrete applications. Either we talk about human intelligence or artificial intelligence (emulation of intelligence by the help of computer), an intelligent system should be able to transform data into information and information into knowledge. The optimal exploitation of the two informational resources (knowledge bases and databases) needs the designing of each of the two components as a natural extension of the other, all within an integrated system.

10.	SELECTION OF UTILITY SYSTEM AND FUELS FOR EMISSION TARGETING OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
10.	by Kamlu R. Gota & S. Khanam
Abstract	The present paper deals with CO₂emission exiting from the chemical process industry which is responsible for global warming. The emission, released to environment, is minimized using different utility options and fuels. Further, the best option has been chosen based on emission generated and total cost involved for different utility systems. For this purpose, an example of aromatic plant has been considered for which steam turbine with natural gas is selected as best option. Further, the process is modified by incorporating the unutilized heat available with flue gas as well as condensate. This modification reduces the global emission by 9.2%. The present approach is applied to three different case studies and found that proper utilization of energy may reduce the emission up to 66.3%.

11.	EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION, USE AND EFFECT OF A COMPUTERIZED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN COLLEGE OF BUSINESS: CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA
11.	by Abdalla Ab Sinusi Saiah, Mousa Rahil Mostafa, Abdul Talib Bin Bon & Ng Kim Soon
Abstract	Computerized management information system in COB user behavior was found in terms of the internet technology employed but also in terms of the likely behavioral and performance changes expected to occur through technology applications to academic, business functions and level of organization. These changes include the exploration of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of information system in COB. Developing competitive advantage for computerized management information system is a complex issue. Information system through internet is a product that is both highly intangible and has characteristics, which create special user requirements. This research has identified critical success factor that appear important to performance in IT implementation in college. The regression analysis undertaken suggests that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of system associated with user behavior. As the conclusion, the present study confirmed that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in computerized management information system has a direct positive influence to user behavior. Lecturer, COB staff and student are in the right position to run every movement related to the improvement of the system. Academic and management system are main items in the performance of COB. The acceptance level of user will influence the success of the system. The present study confirmed that through the survey to user directly has an effect to their knowledge improvement. Overall, each level in college has an active interaction with system and this is shows a dynamic performance of COB.

12.	VARIATION IN DC PARAMETERS OF GALLIUM NITRIDE HEMT DUE TO ILLUMINATION
12.	by B.K.Mishra, Lochan Jolly & Sonia Behra
Abstract	Mobile phones or portable Hand Set (PHS) use the combination of wireless communication and optical fiber communication. Microwave power transistors play key role in today’s wireless communication. HEMT is finding wide application due to its high speed. Analytical results for various DC parameters under the optical illumination are presented. The photovoltaic effect at the gate junction is considered which increases the sheet concentration of 2-DEG layer.

13.	DESIGN CONCEPT OF TRAIN OBSTACLE DETECTION SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
13.	by Rossi Passarella, Bambang Tutuko & Aditya P.P. Prasetyo
Abstract	Based on statistical data in Indonesia train collisions occur each year. The solution to prevent these accidents is to create early warning detection devices for drivers before the collision or accident occurred so that drivers can avoid them (preventive). The method used is by using infrared system which is placed in front of the locomotive, so when there are objects detected within a range distance, the indicator lights will light up. This light indicator is will be a signal for locomotive driver to make a decision of reducing speed or to stop the train. This study is an early stage of a series of researches which expected to be autonomous system designed, where the locomotive driver make their own decisions base on the input information, eventually it would reduce collisions caused by human error from the driver.

14.	BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCE COMPRESSION BASED ON COMPLEMENTARY PALINDROME USING VARIABLE LENGTH LOOK UP TABLE (LUT)
14.	by Rajendra Kumar Bharti & R.K. Singh
Abstract	As the technology progress, the DNA sequencing increases the size of genome database. Data storage capacity has become an appreciable proportion of total capacity in the creation and analysis of DNA sequence database. The rate of increase in DNA sequencing is significantly outstripping the rate of increase in storage capacity. Efficient storage removes redundancy from the data being stored in the DNA molecule. Data compression remove redundancy used in data i.e. DNA molecule. In this paper we present a compression algorithm based on the properties complementary palindrome of a biological sequences. Our algorithm works on both repetitive and non repetitive biological sequences. This algorithm achieves the best compression ratio for biological sequences for larger genome. It is very useful in sequence comparisons and multiple sequence alignment analysis. The simplicity and flexibility of our algorithm could make it valuable tool for biological sequence compression in clinical research.

15.	A PILOT STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF GSM RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION ON BLOOD PARAMETERS
15.	by Olatunde Micheal Oni, Dauda Biodun Amuda, Celestine Etumonu Gilbert, Ife Fortunate Aseweje & Felicia Adeola Akinola
Abstract	Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) have long been used for different types of information exchange. Mobile phones, sometimes known as cellular or handset have hitherto lately formed an integral part of modern/ wireless telecommunication and are fast becoming a social lifestyle. The radiation emanating from these communication devices have been found to be of a finite possibility in contributing adversely to the radiation exposure to man, thereby capable of affecting the health of the user if the devices are in close proximity with the laboratory samples like blood which is the basic index of health. Samples of blood collected from donors were exposed to RFR emanating from GSM phone while in active (talk) mode. The hematological parameters of both the exposed and control blood samples were analyzed. The results have indicated that some blood parameters are significantly affected by exposure to RFR. Thus the findings in this work translate to the possibility of RFR from GSM phones being capable of altering the parameters of blood samples particularly those meant for transfusions which inadvertently are exposed to the GSM RFR by the handlers.

16.	TIME SERIES FORECASTING WITH NEURAL NETWORK: A CASE STUDY OF STOCK PRICES OF INTERCONTINENTAL BANK NIGERIA
16.	by Akintola K.G, Alese B.K & Thompson A.F.
Abstract	In today's investment in stock markets, buyers are concerned about the economic meltdown and are afraid in investing their hard earned funds on stocks. Shares are very good financial instrument and have been found useful in times of needs as a reliable way of preparing for the future. However the sudden downward trends in stock prices movement and huge loss of capital can discourage the potential investors from buying shares. The aim of this paper is to develop a neural network solution that can be used to predict the values of shares so that buyers especially short time operators can know which share to acquire or sell at the appropriate time. The error back propagation algorithm is used to train a feed-forward neural Network in order to be able to predict stock prices for short time duration. Stock Prices of Intercontinental Bank Nigeria were used as a case study. Intercontinental Bank stock market prices were collected for the period of a year and three months and grouped into average weekly prices. Normalization of the stock prices is done which gives ranges from [0 .. 1] in order to standardize the input data. A neural network with four inputs and two hidden layers with four neurodes each and a single (neurode) output layer [4:4:4:1] is trained to learn the data. The neural net was written in C Programming Language. The result obtained is presented in this paper. This work will be very useful for buyers to make decisions on acquiring and selling their stocks at the appropriate time and will help in minimizing losses. The remaining sections are organized as follows. Section 1 introduces some background of Time series forecasting and neural network. Section 2 deals with Neural Network model development for time series forecasting. In Section 3, we discussed the result obtained using neural network to forecast Stock Prices time series data of Intercontinental Bank Nigeria. Section 4 presents the possible explanations of the observations. In Section 5, we conclude.

17.	THE IMPACT OF THE MAN-MADE RIVER PROJECT IN PROVIDING DOMESTIC WATER IN BENGHAZI PLAIN, LIBYA
17.	by Gadalmola S. Mansor & Mohad. E. Toriman
Abstract	This article focuses on examining the contribution of the Man-Made River Project (MMRP) – Water Transfer Project of Libya in providing domestic water in the plain of Benghazi, Libya. The MMRP documents literature reports and journals are the main sources of secondary data. Besides, this study applies a questionnaire survey carried out on July 2010 to a sample of 200 respondents in order to assess the role of the MMRP in providing the plain of Benghazi with potable and domestic water. The study compares the sources of potable and domestic water in the plain of Benghazi before and after the MMRP. The survey findings reveal that MMRP provides the plain of Benghazi with enough water for domestic use. About 87% of respondents mentioned that the MMRP provided their needs of domestic water. The remaining 13% of the respondent make a claim that the MMRP has not provided for their domestic water needs. However, it has not been able to provide enough potable water, as 69.5% of respondents said that the MMRP did not provide enough potable water. Only 29.0% mentioned that it could provide potable water.

18.	SPATIAL GROWTH OF THE SEMI-SQUATTER SETTLEMENT IN TRIPOLI, LIBYA
18.	by Osama Kh Ali, Noorazuan Hashim, Katiman Rostam & Hamzah Jusoh
Abstract	A common understanding of urban growth and land use change is dominated by simplifications which, in turn, underlie many environment polices and development. The present paper analyzes spatial urban growth to the semi-squatter in Tripoli sub-region. The non-supervised classification of land uses in Tripoli region and sub-region will be employed, this analysis uses landsat satellite images for years 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2003 and 2007, satellite images will classify according to the land use type namely; urban land uses, barred and vegetated land.

19.	IMPACT ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT TO CITIZEN INITIATIVES OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA
19.	by Kunwar Singh Vaisla & Durgesh Pant
Abstract	Governance, e-Governance, G2C (Government to Citizen). The term Governance may be understood as the process by which society steers itself. This includes the interactions among the State, the private enterprise and the civil society. With the advent of Internet and networking and communication technologies, the whole process of governance has become ICT driven. Different National and State governments are utilizing ICT to provide services to the citizens at their door steps and bringing down the cost of governance and increasing efficiency and effectiveness of delivery. e-Governance is the use of information and communication technologies to support good governance. It includes: e-Administration: Improving government processes by cutting costs, by managing performance, by making strategic connections within government, and by creating empowerment. e-Citizens and e-Services (G2C): Connecting citizens to government by talking and listening to citizens and supporting accountability and democracy and by improving public services. e-Society: building interactions beyond the boundaries of government by working better with business, by developing communities, by building Government partnerships, and by building civil society. But are these efforts sufficient? Do they actually impact the man on the street? This paper is based on a research project to evaluate the existing framework of G2C solutions deployed in the state of Uttarakhand, a semi-hill state of India, and based on findings, proposes a revised model of G2C.

20.	FACTORS ASSOCIATED AFFECTING ORGANIZATION AGILITY ON PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
20.	by Abed Elkareem Haider Alzoubi, Firas Jamil Al-otoum & Abdel Karim Fawwaz Albatainh
Abstract	Business facing a series of changes and developments that affect various areas of life, and for that we need new managerial decisions and problem solutions, The present work describes the essential and useful of mechanisms for the development of the product and the Agility, Which can be one of the most important suggested solutions for the development and the Competitive value of the product.