International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 1(July 2010)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 4, Issue 1 (July, 2010) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Version 8. If you do not have the highest version of Acrobat then you can download it from: www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readermain.html If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	IMO LATERITIC SOIL AS A SORBENT FOR HEAVY METALS
1.	by Felix F. Udoeyo, Robert Brooks, Hilary Inyang & Sunyoung Bae
Abstract	This paper presents the results of an experimental program to investigate the adsorption capacity of Imo laterite as a sorbent for heavy metals in contaminant barriers. The study reveals that the adsorption capacity of the soil for Pb, Cd, and As increases with increase in sorbate concentration. Based on the obtained results it was established that arsenic has the highest affinity for the lateritic soil, followed by lead, and then by cadmium. The soil may be used as lining material under landfills to absorb the heavy metals so that the ground water resources could be maintained safer.

2.	SIMULATION OF FLOW THROUGH A PUMP SUMP AND ITS VALIDATION
2.	by Tanweer S. Desmukh, & V.K Gahlot
Abstract	The efficiency and performance of pumping stations involving multiple pumping units depends not only on the efficiency of the pumping units but also on the proper design of the Intake sump. The proper design of pump intake is not an easy task because of the various site-specific geometrical and hydraulic constraints. The time and cost involved in sump model studies for design and optimization of sump geometry can be reduced to a large extent through CFD studies. However, writing a separate code for each new product is not feasible. Hence this work is aimed at determining the feasibility of commercial CFD software as a design optimization tool for pump sumps. In the present study commercially available software ANSYS CFX has been used for CFD analysis of flow conditions in a pump sump and the results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed flow patterns

3.	USING THE NONLINEAR PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO) ALGORITHM TO REDUCE THE MAGNETIC FIELDS FROM OVERHEAD HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES
3.	by M.S.H. Al Salameh, I.M. Nejdawi & O.A. Alani
Abstract	Using particle swarm optimization (PSO), the influence of the geometrical configuration of conductors is studied in order to minimize the magnetic field near both single circuit and double circuit high voltage overhead power transmission lines. New arrangements of high voltage "green lines" are proposed. The results indicate that the magnetic field can be reduced up to 48% under the influence of wind and ice, and 80%, neglecting them. Accordingly, the necessary ROW (Right Of Way) width, so that the magnetic field outside ROW does not exceed an example reference value of 0.4 μT, can be reduced by up to 48% if wind and ice are taken into account and by up to 90% if not, for the same range of line heights. Complex and real image theories were implemented to find the magnetic and electric fields, respectively, near the transmission line. The electric field is evaluated and it is found that it is acceptable. Also, results showed that the bundling affects the electric field only.

4.	FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF DGSC-UPQC
4.	by G. Sridhar Reddy
Abstract	The use of Dispersed or Distributed Generation (DG) has been increased in recent years to fill the gap between supply and demand of energy, as the sources of conventional power generation are depleting fast. DGs through static compensators are also used for improving the power quality of distribution systems like mitigation of voltage dips and compensation of harmonics. Shunt, series, and series-shunt type of configuration of static compensators combined with DG have been proposed in the literature. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of DGSC-UPQC (Distributed Generation based Static Compensator as Unified Power Quality Conditioner), a series-shunt type of static compensator with DG. The analysis has been carried from technical and economical aspects when the device i.e. DGSC-UPQC is used for compensation of unbalance in source voltages and load currents and power factor improvement. Simulation results show the capability of the DGSC-UPQC to compensate the unbalance in source voltages and load currents satisfactorily.

5.	CHARACTERIZATION OF VARYING SP2/SP3 NANOCLUSTER’S GROWN UNDER VARIOUS PROCESS CONDITIONS
5.	by Niranjana S, B.S Satyanaryana, U.C Niranjan & Shounak De
Abstract	Continuous or pulsed vacuum based cathodic arc systems are proven as novel, and important for the thin film growth from insulator, semiconductor to conductor. There are several key process parameters such as Gas composition, conditions at substrate (Temperature, Pressure), Deposition Rate, Deposition time, Position of substrate, and type of arc. The process parameters has a significant influence on the characteristics and growth of nanocluster. The variation in the process parameter affects the nanocluster morphology, structure, composition, electronic and optoelectronic properties, which make it useful for different application. The carbon based nanocluster samples grown at fixed conditions of nitrogen partial pressure (10^–4 Torr and 10^–3 Torr) under varying conditions of Helium partial pressure from 5x10 ^{– 4} Torr to 50 Torr resulted samples with different morphology and properties. Presented here morphological details of various samples grown under various process parameters, some using continuous and other using pulsed cathodic arc process. Discussed carbon nanocluster characteristics using SEM, Field emission response, and Raman response. Proposed an approach of grouping sp2/sp3 nanocarbons based statistical parameters.

6.	A Novel Digital Adder Design Based On Residue Number System with Special Set of Moduli {2N+1, 2N, 2N-1}
6.	by Ahmad Q. Al Badawi, Ahmad M. Baset & Qasem S.Abu Al-Haija'
Abstract	As one of the processor's ALU performance issues, the carry propagation during the addition operation limits the speed of arithmetic operation. This work aims to build an Efficient Hardware Design for an Adder based on Residual Numbering System (RNS), with a pre-specified special set of moduli to simplify the implementation for the purpose of proving the feasibility of its usage. Our design can be divided into three basic components: two conversion modules, and an addition module. The conversion modules here are based on a special set of moduli numbers to simplify the hardware implementation. In this work, we focus on forward conversion (conventional to RNS) leaving reverse converter {RNS to conventional} for future works. Depending on this notion, we implemented each component individually in VHDL and then to assemble these components with each other to build a whole RNS-Adder. Simulation results are very attractive in terms of critical path delay.

7.	AN EFFICIENT MONITORING OF SUBSTATIONS USING MICROCONTROLLER BASED MONITORING SYSTEM
7.	by V.Thiyagarajan And T.G Palanivel
Abstract	The paper proposes an innovative design to develop a system based on AVR micro controller that is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the entire unit with the aid of the Radio frequency Communication. Moreover the system displays the same on a PC at the main station which is at a remote place. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high temperature and over voltage. The design generally consists of two units, one in the substation unit, called as transmitter and display unit, and another in the Main station called as controlling unit. The transmitter and the display units in the substation is where the voltage, current and temperature are monitored continuously by AVR microcontroller and is displayed through the display unit. An RF transmitter is used for transmitting the signals that are obtained. The controlling unit in the main station by means of a PC and a RF receiver receives the RF signals that are transmitted by the Transmitter unit and reacts in accordance to the received signal. In general, the proposed design is developed for the user to easily recognize the distribution transformer that is suffered by any open or short circuit and rise in temperatures. The ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the burning of distribution transformer or power transformer due to the constraints such as overload, over temperature and input high voltage. If any of these values increases beyond the limit then the entire unit is shut down by the designed controlling unit.

8.	IMAGE FUSION TECHNIQUES
8.	by A.Umaamaheshvari & K.Thanushkodi
Abstract	The conventional image embedding technique is watermarking which applies DCT to the host image. The problem appeared in this technique is that the size of the host image should be greater than the signature image , thereby reducing the signal to noise ratio and degrades the system performance. In our proposed system image fusion techniques are being used. At the basic two signature images are being fused. Both significant and insignificant pixels of two images are transmitted. This project can fuse different types of images like RGB images, Gray scale images(medical, satellite),normal photo images. The proposed system discussed is a User Interactive Model. User Interactive in the sense, merely four different compression techniques can be simulated and the performance measure can also be done. The user can choose his/her compression techniques based on the specifications they need. Two levels of security are being embedded with images. The sizes of images are not a constraint in this system as computations are in array editor. Varied dimension images can also be used. Fusing multiple images upto 8 has been proposed in this system. The simulation process is done by MATLAB 7.0. In order to improve the efficiency of the project, Memory allocated for the program, Elapsed time for the compression to run and compression ratio for fused image and compressed image is being formulated.

9.	THE DIVIDE AND CONQUER ALGORITHM:A NEW ATTACK ON THE DISCRETE LOGARITHM PROBLEM ON ELLIPTIC CURVES AND FINITE FIELDS
9.	by Malek Jakob Kakish
Abstract	The term data security is very essential in computer information systems, everyday huge amount of confidential and case sensitive information are sent across telecommunication networks (e.g. in sectors like military, banking, trade and telecommunication companies), or stored or used in processing systems to obtain results and help to make decisions. Such confidential information need to be protected against many kinds of threats and attacks like interception or modification which can lead to lose of money, or lose of reputation and thus destroy businesses. To achieve high degree of security, we need algorithms that are well studied and which are proven to provide the security that we are seeking. Cryptography is the science of building cryptographic systems (e.g. RSA, ElGamal, Diffie-Hellman, Elliptic Curves cryptosystems, etc. ) that allow us to encrypt and decrypt data, where the security of such cryptosystems are based on the apparent intractability of solving some mathematical number theoretic problems Such problems are generally considered as being difficult to solve if we chose the associated parameters carefully. This attack introduces a new attack on the Discrete Logarithm Problem over elliptic curves and finite fields, this attacks is more significant elliptic curves cryptosystems because not many attacks are known on elliptic curves.

10.	STOCHASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION SATELLITE
10.	by S.K. Mittal, Deepankar Sharma & Neelam Sharma
Abstract	The authors in this paper have discussed the stochastic behavior of communication satellite for evaluation of some important reliability parameters. One Standby control unit has been taken to improve system^’s performance. This Standby unit can take place through a perfect switching device. Supplementary variable technique has been used to convert a Non-Markovian process in to Markovian one. Steady-State behavior of the system has obtained. All the transition State probabilities, in case repairs follows exponential time distribution, have also computed to improve practical utility of the model.

11.	TEN FOLD ECONOMY OF MOTOR OILS AND DOUBLING OF RESERVE MAINTENANCE PERIODS FOR ACCOUNT IT IS SOLID ADDITION OF "STUFFING" OF OIL FILTERS
11.	by AttyaouiI Slimen, Ali Chaouki, Mlik Said, Jallouli Ibrahim & Gnilamiodov MikhailL Efimovitch
Abstract	Ecological motives and theoretical, bases of modelling of mechanisms, of realization of effect without the wear gear knots engines of the internal combustion which are carried out for the account gear catalytic of regeneration of motor oils and subsequent their stabilization rheological of properties as a result of contact interaction with firm additives of special structure directly in system hermetically sealed from an environment of greasing are considered. Physical and mathematical algorithms and methodological recommendations are formulated on the problems of computer forecasting of qualitative structure of firm additives, the quantitative analysis heat exchange processes and long-term management of motor potential of engines of internal combustion.

12.	A DATA WAREHOUSE SOLUTION FOR E-GOVERNMENT
12.	by Xiufeng Liu & Xiaofeng Luo
Abstract	The eGovMon Data Warehouse (eGovMon DW) is built as a data repository for eGovernment services benchmarking results. We propose a DW architecture with open source business intelligence technologies for eGovernment. This DW architecture uses PostgreSQL as the DBMS, eGovernment operational system as the data source, and a right-time ETL tool to populate the data. Through this proposal, we give the potential research interests and issues for our future work.