Travel opinion leaders play important roles in word-of-mouth marketing in tourism. They can influence potential tourists’ decision making in buying tourism products. Therefore, tourism researchers and marketers have attempted to identify the characteristics of travel opinion leaders in order to develop efficient marketing activities. While some studies have indicated behavioral characteristics of travel opinion leaders, however, none study has attempted to profile travel opinion leaders by examining their psychological traits. The main purpose of the current research is to close this gap by using the Big Five model. Data was derived from 271 tourists in Taiwan. Results demonstrate that opinion leaders have the personality of extraversion, agreeableness and openness. The current results can enrich literature on travel opinion leaders and provide tourism firms with implications.

The world today is witnessing a rapid and significant development in information and communications technology. The community is based on digital technologies. The concept of traditional cities has evolved into digital cities based on intelligent cities and smart cities seeking change, innovation and creativity. They seek to create an environment-friendly environment conducive to pollution that stimulates learning. This contributes to enhancing the satisfaction and happiness of individuals.

 The research began with a focus on the term smart cities and the identification of technological patterns of cities smart, identify the basic components, as well as the most important requirements of smart cities as well as identify the challenges facing smart cities.