This paper presents a new algorithm for constrained optimization problems, it is called penalty-conjugate gradient method. The method apply nonlinear conjugate gradient method to penalty function, by choosing a conjugate factor with good numerical performance and convergence, and selecting the search direction with the descent property. The algorithm has global convergence under the Wolfe line search.

Air pollution in any urban region is one of the major problems that threats people health and harms its economy. Commercial trade in ports is one of the most important pillar of any country income such as Egypt and port air pollution can expose that source to serious damage as a result of bad labours health. Cargo operation in any port depends on the labours effort that can be effected negatively by any pollutant source in their environment, Also cargo operations itself inside the port can be assumed as a point source of air pollutants beside ships emissions, So an intensive study was achieved in order to find out the relation between cargo operation and air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, mono carbon oxide and suspended solids.  Also a group of conclusions and recommendations were deduced at the end of this study to overcome its negative side effects, A monitoring system was suggested to detect any similar circumstances in order to mitigate its impact.

The average number of fires in Taiwan in the past five years was about 1600. Among them, the average number of fires in residential places such as independent houses and collection houses was about 749. The annual loss caused by fires was NTD 700 million. In order to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of fire, the government vigorously promotes the installation of residential fire alarms, but it only subsidizes one residential fire alarm for each household. However, installing only one residential fire alarm is not sufficient to warn all residents to escape in the event of a fire. Therefore, alarms for other living spaces and passages must be purchased by the residents themselves. This study defines the decision-making factors that affect consumers' purchase of residential fire alarms, builds the decision-making hierarchical structure, and discusses the weight of decision-making factors that affect consumers' purchase of residential fire alarms through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

This study used the expert questionnaire to gather anonymous expert opinions, and conducted literature review. After integrating expert interview results, this study developed the Delphi questionnaire and conducts surveyed on people of different age, so as to obtain the weight of decision-making factors that affect consumers' purchase of residential fire alarms.

The results showed in the main criteria of decision-making factors that affect consumers' purchase of residential fire alarms, the public places the greatest emphasis on the dimension of the alarm itself, followed by the dimension of the alarm’s alert mode. In the secondary criteria, it shows that the price of the alarm itself, detection accuracy and the useful life of the alarm are particularly important for influencing consumers to purchase residential fire alarms. As seen, factors related to the dimension of the alarm itself have a certain influence on consumers' purchase of residential fire alarms (consistency and continuity), which affects consumers' decision-making mode of purchasing residential fire alarms. It is the most important factor affecting the purchase of residential fire alarms.