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International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366
Volume 22, Issue 1(January, 2015)
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1. |
QUALITY STANDARDS: PANACEA FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PROJECTS IN NIGERIA |
by A.A Yekinni, G.G Bajela & S.K Bello |
Abstract |
Sustainably
developed and managed small hydropower has enormous potential to contribute to sustainability
energy goals.
To achieve
this, the International Hydropower Association (IHA) has developed Sustainability
Guidelines, and an associated Compliance Protocol that provides a clear framework
for good practice. Also,
quality standards for small hydropower have been developed for countries like India,
Sweden, Brazil, USA, Canada etc taking into consideration there local environments.
Since prospects for Small Hydro Power (SHP) in Nigeria have led to increase in number
of SHP local consultants and SHP equipment manufacturers, the need to defining quality
standards for hydro power development in Nigeria is inevitable.
Therefore
the
Small hydropower quality standards has been suggested in this paper to define the
quality requirements of SHP projects in the areas of planning, design, supply and
installation works in Nigeria. This is to ensure competitive bidding of SHP projects
that will guarantee quality finish and performance. For a speedy and successful development of small
hydropower, use of standards and guidelines in planning, designing and execution
is necessary. A general awareness of the codes, standards and guidelines, especially
for small hydropower projects is also emphasized.
For quality assurance of the small
hydropower stations, establishment of a special hydropower
research institute in
Nigeria has been suggested to initiate performance testing of any hydropower project.
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Source: |
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences
January 2015-- Vol. 22 Issue 1 -- 2015 |
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2. |
FIXED POINT TYPE THEOREM FOR WEAK CONTRACTIONS IN S-METRIC SPACES |
by Javad Mojaradi Afra
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Abstract |
See full text
of paper.
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Source: |
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences
January 2015-- Vol. 22 Issue 1 -- 2015 |
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3. |
ROUTE OPTIMIZATION OF STACKER IN AUTOMATED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BASED ON HYBRID ALGORITHM |
by YANG Jin,MA Bin-liang & Ma Liang |
Abstract |
This paper try to solve the route optimization of stacker in automated storage and
retrieval system with the hybrid algorithm which based on the combination of genetic
algorithm and particle swarm optimization. First the algorithm generates the initial
population by using particle swarm algorithm. And then the population undertakes
assorted crossover and mutation in the iterative process by using genetic algorithm.
In the end the algorithm can achieve very good results by testing the example.
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Source: |
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences
January 2015-- Vol. 22 Issue 1 -- 2015 |
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4. |
HYDROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY OF LERMA-CHAPALA RIVER SYSTEM, MÉXICO |
by José Pedro Pérez Díaz, Héctor Manuel Ortega Escobar, Álvaro Can Chulim, Edgar Iván Sánchez Bernal, Carlos Ramírez Ayala & Ebandro Uscanga Mortera
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Abstract |
The Lerma River originates in the Almoloya lagoon, in Mexico State. It is 750 km.
long and belongs to the Lerma-Santiago-Pacífico basin, one of the
most important in Mexico due to its intense agricultural and industrial activity. To carry out
this research, during the summer and autumn of 2013, water samples were collected
and analyzed from 39 sampling stations the Lerma-Chapala river system. The objective was to know the hydrochemical composition and agronomic quality of the water in
the Lerma river and lake Chapala through the determination of variables: Ca2+,
Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32-, HCO3-,
Cl-, SO42-, total dissolved solids (TDS), hydrogen
potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).
The results indicated that the type of water is sodic-bicarbonated and mixed-bicarbonated,
which was attributed to the discharges of wastewater and the water supply from tributary
rivers in the Lerma-Chapala Basin. The concentration of TDS was low (< 674 mg
L-1). The EC displayed values between 0.307 and 1.129 dS m-1,
which is why, in 66.6% of the sampling stations, water has no use restriction for
agricultural irrigation. SAR average was 2.2 meq L-1; the joint EC-SAR
values suggested the classification of water as C2-S1 (74.4%) and C3-S1 (25.6%),
indicating its suitability for agricultural irrigation.
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Source: |
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences
January 2015-- Vol. 22 Issue 1 -- 2015 |
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5. |
CLASSIFICATION OF FULLERENES WITH HEPTAGONAL RINGS ACCORDING TO BOUNDARY FACES |
by F.J. Sánchez-Bernabe & Javier Salcedo |
Abstract |
According to Fowler
and Manolopoulos [1], classical fullerenes are those carbon cage molecules with
exactly 12 pentagons and n/2 - 10 hexagons.
All classical fullerenes satisfy the so called isolated pentagon rule IPR, Kroto
[2].
On the other hand, nonclassical fullerenes are those carbon cage molecules,
such that one or more squares or heptagons, appears. In this last case, sometimes
pentagon-pentagon adjacencies are observed, and the most stable structure are related with the least pentagon-pentagon adjacencies, which is known as the pentagon adjacency
penalty rule PAPR, Campbell et al [3]. Work has been done to study nonclassical fullerenes; for
example, Ayuela et al [4] show theoretical
evidence for the existence of a nonclassical fullerene C62
with one heptagonal, 13 pentagonal and 19 hexagonal rings. Jie An
et al [5] studied the isomers
of fullerene
C26
composed of square, pentagonal, hexagonal, and heptagonal faces. Also, Tchoffo
et al [6] present fullerenes with square
and octagonal faces. Furthermore, Li-Hua Gan
et al [7] study fullerenes C46,
C48, C50,
and C52, some of them composed
of one heptagonal ring. Finally, D.-L. Chen et
al [8] study fullerene C58.
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Source: |
International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences
January 2015-- Vol. 22 Issue 1 -- 2015 |
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