International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 17, Issue 2(November 2013)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 17, Issue 2(November, 2013) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	PREDICTION OF MAGNETIZING CURRENTS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS USING NUMERICALLY SIMULATED OPEN -CIRCUIT TESTS
1.	by Antônio Flavio Licarião Nogueira, Gabriel Grunitzki Facchinello & Leonardo Adriano Ramos
Abstract	Numerical field solutions may be used to predict the magnetizing current waveform of power transformers for a giving value of sinusoidal voltage supply. This note concerns the sequence of operations necessary to estimate the magnetizing current waveform of power transformers employing a set of numerically simulated open-circuit tests.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

2.	OPERATOR METHOD FOR A DUAL RISK MODEL WITH BARRIER STRATEGY
2.	by Dong Hua
Abstract	In this paper, we investigate the dual of a Sparre Andersen model perturbed by diffusion under a barrier strategy, in which innovation inter-arrival times have a generalized Erlang (n ) distribution. Integro-differential equations with certain boundary conditions for the expected total discounted dividends are derived. Using an algebraic operator method, we derive a defective renewal equation for the expected total discounted dividends until ruin. The special case where the innovation times are Erlang (2) distribution and the profit is exponential distribution is considered in some details.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

3.	ELECTROCHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SPENT AND FRESH LITHIUM-ION CELL PHONE BATTERIES
3.	by Ricardo Floriano, Adenilson O. dos Santos, Alexandre Urbano, Lisandro P. Cardoso & Jair Scarminio
Abstract	In this study, we showed the results of the electrochemical characterization of spent and fresh commercial cell phone lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries including the detailed crystalline characterization of their electrodes. The charging current and cell voltage (CC-CV) charging protocol showed charge capacities very close to the nominal capacity (C) for both batteries, although abnormal charge transference was observed during the CC-CV charging regime for the spent battery. However, after the current constant (CC) discharging, the batteries showed different discharge capacities measured at 3,0 V being much lower for the spent battery in comparison with the fresh one. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns followed by Rietveld analysis showed the presence of a single-phase with hexagonal crystalline structure and the Li₁CoO₂ composition (Phase I) for the discharged fresh cathode. While for the discharged cathode of the spent battery, the presence of two-phase lithium-cobalt oxide composed by 11 % of Phase I and 89 % of a second hexagonal phase characterized by an extended c axes (Phase II) were found as a result of cycling. No phase changes were observed in the hexagonal lattice of the carbon anodes of these batteries except for a decrease in relative intensities in the Bragg peaks for the spent anode material in comparison with the fresh anode.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

4.	RECURSIVE METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RESOLVABLE NESTED DESIGNS AND UNIFORM DESIGNS ASSOCIATED
4.	by A.Boudraa, Z.Gheribi-Aoulmi & M. Laib
Abstract	This paper presents a recursive method for the construction of resolvable balanced incomplete nested block design.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

5.	DESIGN OF AN ADAPTIVE FUZZY-BASED CONTROL SYSTEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM OVER A pH TITRATION PROCESS
5.	by Ibrahim Al-Adwan, Mohammad Al Khawaldah, Shebel Asad & Ayman Al Rawashdeh
Abstract	The work aims, mainly, to design an intelligent-based cascaded control structure over titration process. The master controller is a fuzzy-based FLC, while the controlled variable (pH value) is calculated using a hybrid neural network that accomplishes the best features of multi-layer perceptrons MLP and radial basis function RFB. The main core of this work is to modify the performance of the proposed fuzzy controller to be adaptive using genetic algorithm-based tuner GA; its objective is to drive the pH of the solution to the desired set point in the shortest time. GA was used to develop the shape of the fuzzy membership functions. The full models of the titration process and the proposed artificial intelligent techniques have been designed with Simulink/MatLab. Numerical results have been obtained and discussed to validate the proposed design.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

6.	HYDROCHEMISTRY AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN BALOCHISTAN PROVINCE, PAKISTAN
6.	by Shimaa M. Ghoraba & A.D. Khan
Abstract	Water is required for several uses including drinking, domestics, industrial, municipal and agriculture where acceptable quality standards vary based on the intended use. Water quality defines the usefulness of water for an intended use and is an importance as quantity. Considering the water quality situation in Balochistan province, a program of evaluation of groundwater quality was initiated by Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resource (PCRWR).120 ground water samples were collected from 29 Districts of Balochistan Province and analyzed for 14 important water quality parameters. Water quality modeling software Aquachem and ArcGIS9.1 was used to analyze data set. The results revealed highly variable hydrochemistry. The groundwater recorded a wide range in TDS. For the major anions, the chloride is found to be most predominating. Generally, groundwater in Balochistan has high concentrations of fluoride, iron and nitrate in many districts. The major elements data were plotted on Piper′s diagram for working of hydrogeochemical facies. The pH part of the Durov diagram reveals that groundwater in study area is alkaline and electrical conductivity of most of samples lies in the range of drinking water standards adapted in Pakistan. From the SAR and conductivity plot it was found that most of groundwater cannot be used on soil without restricted drainage and special management for salinity control.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

7.	ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MONTHLY EXPENDITURE ON INCOME IN THE SOUTH WEST ZONE OF NIGERIA
7.	by Olawuwo Simeon, Ogunleye Timothy Abidogun & Olaleye Michael Olugbenga
Abstract	This paper presents statistical analyses and modelling of the thirty local governments’ monthly expenditure on income in the State of Osun, Nigeria. Three different sources of local governments’ income: Internally Generated Revenue (IGR), Statutory Allocation (SA) and Value Added Tax (VAT) were considered as predictor variables while expenditure was taken as response. Multiple Linear Regression was used as statistical tool. Data sets were sourced from Osun State Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs over a period of sixty months. Scatter plots were drawn to show the kind of relationships existing between expenditure and each of the three sources of income. Before conducting ANOVA, the data sets were inspected for normality assumption using normal probability plot of the standardized residual in the R statistical package. The plot revealed that normality assumption was not violated. Homoscedasticity assumption was further checked by the use of residual plot and Fligner-Killeen test, and it was revealed that error variances were homogeneous through-out. The tolerance of both autocorrelation and multicollinearity problems were further inspected using Durbin-Watson and Farrar-Glauber tests, and it was discovered that none of these problems existed in the data sets. After the application of All Possible Regression Method of Selection of the Best Regression Model, Statutory Allocation was recommended as the principal determinant of the local government expenditure in the South West Zone of Nigeria.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

8.	NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND FOOD CONSUMPTION PATERN OF DIABETICS IN OWO, NIGERIA
8.	by Oladapo A.A., Jude-Ojei B.S., Koleosho A.T. & Roland-Ayodele M.A.
Abstract	The purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional status and food consumption pattern of diabetics in Owo, Ondo state, Nigeria. The study consisted of sixty (60) diabetic patients receiving treatment at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurement such as height and weight was measured to determine the nutritional status while food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the intake pattern of foods. The result shows that majority (60%) were female, 36.7% had secondary school education and 53.3% had no family history of diabetes while diabetes was diagnosed during the course of other disease (30%). Anthropometry assessment shows that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean weight and height of the patients, meanwhile female (11.1%) were obese compared to their male counterpart (8.3%) while fasting blood glucose was above the normal range of 3.9-5.0 mmol/l in both sexes. Non-starchy vegetables consumption pattern was low among the respondent as the diabetics (51.7%) consumed non- starchy vegetables four times per week which is below the minimum recommendation consumption of five serving per day also fat intake/day was slightly above the dietary guideline. Therefore, diabetes patients should be counseled to adopt healthy eating habits and encourage them to improve their diets in order to prevent diabetes and its complications.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

9.	INFLUENCE OF VEHICLES WEIGHT RATIO ON THE INITIAL VELOCITY OF VEHICLE IN CHAIN ACCIDENTS AT INTERSECTIONS
9.	by Robert Brooks & Mehmet Cetin
Abstract	The objective of this study is to determine the influence of vehicles weight ratio on the initial velocity of the first vehicle in a chain accident at intersections involving three vehicles. Regression analysis on the results of these variables was conducted. Excellent correlation coefficient was found for therelationship at α = 0.05 significance level. The influence of Vehicles Weight Ratio on the Initial Velocity is shown by a quadratic equation (Initial velocity = 1.70Vehicles Weight Ratio ²+ 33.37 Vehicles Weight Ratio +6.13) with R = 0.99.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

10.	MAGNETIC FIELD CALCULATION OF 63KV TRANSMISSION LINES
10.	by Mehdi Nafar, Ghahraman Solookinejad & Masoud Jabbari
Abstract	Magnetic fields are produced by electric currents, which can be macroscopic currents in wires, or microscopic currents associated with electrons in atomic orbits. So, magnetic fields are produced wherever electricity or electrical equipment is in use. Magnetic fields are very widely used throughout modern technology, particularly in electrical engineering and electro mechanics. But, magnetic fields of power transmission lines cause electrical currents inside the body. So, some people are concerned that daily exposure to magnetic fields may cause health problems. Transmission lines are considered one of the major sources of magnetic field. As a contribution to the assessment of expected biological risk from exposure to power line magnetic fields, in this paper magnetic field distributions under 63kV power lines are investigated. This paper is directed to measure magnetic field on existing lines (63kV transmission lines) in Marvdasht. This measurement has been done using the prepared software package. This simulation software package is developed in MATLAB. According the previous studies maximum allowable magnetic field is 0.04 for small animals and about (4-100) for humans. By using prepared software package and based on maximum allowable magnetic field, safe margin around the transmission line has been detected.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

11.	UNIVERSAL BOUNDS FOR EIGENVALUES OF FOURTH-ORDER WEIGHTED POLYNOMIAL OPERATOR ON DOMAINS IN COMPLEX PROJECTIVE SPACES
11.	by Du Feng & Li Yanli
Abstract	In this paper, we study the eigenvalues problem of fourth-order weighted polynomial operator and get a general inequality on compact Riemannian manifolds. By using this general inequality, we obtain universal bounds for the K-th eigenvalue in terms of the lower eigenvalues independently of the domains.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013

12.	APPROXIMATING COMMON ELEMENTS OF THE SET OF AMENABLE SEMIGROUP AND ZERO POINT SETS AND THE SOLUTIONS SETS OF SYSTEMS OF EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS
12.	by Qiang Li & Dapeng Gao
Abstract	In this paper, we introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of fixed point of left amenable semigroup, the zero point set of the operator which is the sum of inverse strongly monotone operators and maximal monotone operators, and the set of solutions for systems of equilibrium problems in Hilbert spaces by using a hybrid steepest descent methods. Then strong convergence of the scheme to a common element of the three sets is proved. Our results improve and generalize some well-known results in the literature.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences November 2013 -- Vol. 17 Issue 2 -- 2013