|
International Journal of Research
and Reviews in Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366
Volume 11, Issue 3 (June, 2012)
To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat
Reader
If you have any technical or content problems
contact : publisher@arpapress.com
|
1. |
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD PARAMETER ESTIMATORS FOR THE TWO POPULATIONS GEV DISTRIBUTION |
by Jose A. Raynal-Villasenor
|
Abstract |
The method
of maximum
likelihood for
estimating
the parameters of the two populations
general extreme value (TPGEV) probability distribution
function for the maxima is presented for the case of flood frequency
analysis. The proposed methodology is compared with widely used models, namely:
two component extreme value (TCEV), general extreme value (GEV) and Gumbel distributions.
The TPGEV distribution behaved well for those selected sets of data in Northwestern
Mexico and the results of this distribution proved to be better than the TCEV model,
when there are two populations present in the flood sample of data. The paper contains
several numerical examples of the application of the proposed methodology.
|
|
|
2. |
REAL IMPACT OF THE THERMAL INERTIA ON THE INTERNAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OF THE BUILDING IN THE HOT HUMID CLIMATE: SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE CITY OF DOUALA IN CAMEROON |
by Alexis Kemajou & Léopold Mba
|
Abstract |
Many studies, have demonstrated
that the use of thermal inertia can usefully modify the thermophysical signature
of buildings. However, their influences under hot-humid climate with local building
materials in Africa have not been investigated in details. This work is based on
the experimental and simulation of the thermal inertia of traditional buildings
with wooden walls and modern buildings with hallow concrete block walls in hot humid
climate. Before simulation, a finite difference method is applied to the equation
of heat transfer and a thermal network of the building was realized. A calculation
code developed with the matlab software was used for the simulation and a data acquisition
apparatus is used for acquisition, stocking and treatment of data. Experimental
study carried out during the month of may 2011 permitted us to validate a numerical
model. Analyzing the experimental study shows: a zero time lag and temperature depreciation
of 0.5°C between the external and the internal walls of the wooden buildings; a
time lag of 04h15min and temperature depreciation of 1.5°C between the external
and the internal walls of hallow concrete block buildings. The study reveals that
traditional buildings with low thermal inertia like wooden assure better thermal
comfort for non air-conditioned buildings in hot humid climate region.
|
|
|
3. |
MODELLING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SUBTHRESHOLD CURRENTS IN SCHOTTKY BARRIER CNTFETs FOR DIGITAL APPLICATIONS |
by Roberto Marani & Anna Gina Perri |
Abstract |
The aim of this paper is to model and characterize the current voltage characteristics
of Schottky Barrier (SB) Carbon NanoTube Field Effect Transistors (SB-CNTFETs) below
and above threshold, in order to evaluate the noise margin and output voltage swing,
whose values are necessary in the design of digital circuits.
|
|
|
4. |
THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN EUROPE – SMALL COMPARATIVE STUDY |
by Mircea-Iosif Rus |
Abstract |
The innovation activity is in a tight
relation with the
research-development activity and, often, it’s even more important. The innovation
represents the basis of the economical progress and the application of its results
can bring considerable benefits from a material, social and cultural point of view.
Creating new work places in consequence of the technological development can underlie
a better education and a social environment less affected by everything that’s noxious
in society.
|
|
|
5. |
ON RANKING OF ALTERNATIVES IN UNCERTAIN GROUP DECISION MAKING MODEL |
by Chao Wang & Liang Lin |
Abstract |
The weighted geometric mean ordering vector and logarithmic least squares are proposed to aggregate
information of decision makers to generate weight vector from uncertainty comparison
matrices in uncertain group AHP model. Especially, when the judgment matrices are
incomplete, the latter can be developed to derive priorities under the condition
of minimal deviation. Some concepts in uncertainty theory are introduced and the
uncertainty distributions are assumed to be linear. Two numerical examples are examined to show the applications of the proposed methods.
|
|
|
6. |
3D-QSAR FOR a-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF N-(PHENOXYALKYL)PHTHALIMIDE DERIVATIVES |
by Samira Mbarki, Menana El Hallaoui & Khalid Dguigui |
Abstract |
Three-dimensional
quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models were developed for
37 N-(phenoxyalkyl)phthalimide derivatives, inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. 3D-QSAR
investigations, applied to find a correlation between the different physicochemical
parameters of the compounds studied and their biological activity, were carried
out using multiple linear regression (MLR) and neural network (NN). The results
of MLR and NN showed good correlations (r values of 0.943 and 0.979, respectively)
between the descriptors and alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity. To test the performance
of this model we have used the cross validation method ( r= 0.866).
|
|
|
7. |
PHOTONIC STRUCTURES BASED ON SLOT WAVEGUIDES FOR NANOSENSORS: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS |
by Vittorio M. N. Passaro, Mario La Notte, Benedetto Troia, Lorenzo Passaquindici, Francesco De Leonardis & Giovanni Giannoccaro |
Abstract |
This review presents the state-of-the-art of Bio-Chemical
nanosensors based on silicon Photonics. SOI (Silicon on Insulator) technology offers
a number of guiding structures such as slot, rib, strip and silicon wire waveguides.
We discuss many sensing principles employed in optical detection, such as absorbance,
reflectance, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence and refractive index
(RI) measurement. The integration of ultra high sensitive photonic waveguides in
interferometer architectures (e.g. Mach Zehnder interferometer) and resonant architectures
(e.g. ring resonator, Fabry Perot cavity), allow the detection of ultra low traces
of chemical/biochemical analytes and gases. Sensing performance of photonic nanosensors
based on silicon Photonics are very attractive, exhibiting ultra high sensitivity
and low limit of detection (i.e. pg/mL, pmol/L). Intensive research in this field
is motivated by broad applications of photonic sensors in healthcare, environmental
monitoring, homeland security, food industry, pharmaceuticals, which require sensitive
and rapid analytical tools.
|
|
|
8. |
GEOMETRIC MEAN FOR NEGATIVE AND ZERO VALUES |
by Elsayed A. E. Habib |
Abstract |
A geometric mean tends to dampen the effect of very high
values where it is a log-transformation of data. In
this paper, the geometric mean
for data that includes negative and zero values are derived. It turns up that the
data could have one geometric mean, two geometric means or three geometric means.
Consequently, the geometric mean for discrete distributions is obtained. The concept
of geometric unbiased estimator is introduced and the interval estimation for the
geometric mean is studied in terms of coverage probability. It is shown that the
geometric mean is more efficient than the median in the estimation of the scale
parameter of the log-logistic distribution.
|
|
|
9. |
DOES THE LOCAL INVESTMENT IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN FOREIGN INVESTMENT? |
by Shereen Yasseen Mohammad Alhamadani |
Abstract |
This study aims at estimating the production
function for both kinds of the projects funded by local and foreign direct investment
FDI sources in Jordan , Measuring the economic and social efficiency, and measuring
the Average Total productivity (ATP) and partial productivity of factors used in
these Investments.
The study concludes that the capital factor
in foreign investment , has no impact on production . It was found also that the
local investment depend on the labor in the generation of value-added, more its
reliance on capital.
The results also show that the local investments
, have achieved
the
highest average
cost for the factors of labor and capital. The
study concluded that local investments have achieved the lowest
total average productivity of production
elements compared to foreign investments.
Finally, This study The study suggested
the necessity of formulating an incentives
to encourage the local investment by Jordan Investment Board JIB.
|
|
|
10. |
COMPETITIVENESS OF THE INDUSTRIES BASED ON THE PORTER'S DIAMOND MODEL: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY |
by Ismail Bakan & Inci Fatma Dogan |
Abstract |
Michael Porter offered a model that allows examining
why some states are more competitive and why some industries within states are more
competitive than others are. In this
way, Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness was detected as a model
with which to assess the sources of competitive advantages of an industry in a
particular country and it can help realise the competitive status of a nation in global competition. This model consists of four national determinants of competitive advantage: factor
conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm’s strategy,
structure and rivalry. The Porter’s theory is that these factors interact with each
other to form conditions where innovation and competitiveness occurs.
As the purpose of this study is to find out the
main factors which affect the competitiveness of the sectors, the well known model
in the literature developed by Porter was used. By using Porters’ model Sun and
his colleaguse (2010) provided a new model arguing that four variables of the diamond
model (the factor conditions, the demand conditions, the related and supportive
industries and the government) affect the competitiveness factor. In this article, the competitiveness of basic industries
in the city of Kahramanmaraş were investigated by using Porter’s Diamond model with
the argument of Sun and his colleaguse.
To achieve the aim of the research both primary
and secondary data collection techniques were used. Parts
and the items of the questionnaire were derived from related literature.
The prepared questionnaire was applied in the main sectors of Kahramanmaraş. The
collected data was analyzed and evaluated according to the Diamond model. So, we
grabbed at an opportunity to evaluate the current situation according to the factors
in the model and to detect areas that provide facilities to improve the competitiveness
of the sectors.
|
|
|
|
11. |
FREDHOLM’S EQUATION AND FOURIER TRANSFORM ON DISCRETE ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS
|
by J.M. Velázquez-Arcos |
Abstract |
Fredholm's equation [1-4]and Fourier
transform can be used to extend some important features of discrete acoustic systems
to the electromagnetic domain that have an important role on obtaining great signals
localization. Also the mathematical structure obtained of the related equationsis
very near to some results on nuclear scattering theory like the existence of resonances.
Because of their practical importance on applications to communications and other
fields, we give a mathematical support and explain actual experimentalresults like
super-localization of microwave signals and suggest that we can improve the usual
methods to avoid the leak of information in a broadcasting process. The fundamental
procedure is the use of the Fourier transform of Fredholm's time dependent equation
and some techniques of operator methods that resemble the
equivalent ones on quantum
mechanics. Finally we propose the use of the obtainedequations for the Fourier‘s
transform of the Green’s function associated to discrete systems, to describe the
propagation of the electromagnetic signals for restrictive but very important applications.
|
|
|
12. |
EFFECT OF NITROGEN DEFICIENCY IN THE BIODEGRADATION OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN PATAGONIAN CONTAMINATED SOIL |
by Adrián J. Acuña, Oscar H. Pucci & Graciela N. Pucci |
Abstract |
The use of biological method
to remediate soil with hydrocarbons as contaminants is possible and nitrogen is
important for the process. Incorrect quantities of nitrogen in the soil result in
a less efficient remediation process. The main object of this work was the study
of the nitrogen effect in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation during
110 days. Five microcosms were designed, the treatments used were natural attenuation,
aromatic hydrocarbon mineralization (both microcosms fertilized and unfertilized
with nitrogen) and soil systems with diesel oil (both microcosm fertilized and unfertilized
with nitrogen). At the beginning and end of the experiment, the hydrocarbons were
determined by Soxhlet; nitrate, nitrite and ammonium were analyzed and CO2
was measured every week. The microbial count was carried out in media with and without nitrogen. The main results show that the presence of nitrogen in the soil favors
the aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation and that the nitrogen deficiency favors the
aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. In soil with nitrogen deficiency, the aromatic
compound produced less nitrogen fixation and nitrification. The nitrogen deficiency
produced a decrease in the mineralization, hydrocarbon elimination and biomass.
However, remediation is possible because the nitrogen could be fixed due to the
presence of nitrogen fixing microorganisms, which can fix the necessary nitrogen
for the hydrocarbon remediation.
|
|
|
13. |
VORTEX STRUCTURES IN THE WAKE OF INCLINED CYLINDERS |
by Kapil Varshney |
Abstract |
In this experimental study, vortex structures in the wake of inclined slender cylinders’
tip have been investigated. Thin cylinders of various diameters between 0.5 mm
to 3.5 mm with large aspect ratios ( >> 1) have been exposed to low Reynolds number (Re) flow starting from Re = 150 to 2000. The
cylinders were mounted at an angle of attack “a”
which was varied from 300 to 900. Vortex shedding frequencies
in conjunction with associated Strouhal numbers of the vortices behind the inclined
cylinder have been studied which increased from 0.9 to 1.15 as the angle of attack
was decreased from 600 to 300, and remained nearly constant
to the change of Reynolds number. It was also found that these vortices were very
stable at low Re<700 and vanished quickly at high Re>1000. In
addition, the stability of these vortices is also dependent on the angle of attack.
It was found that these vortices were very sharp and stable at
a
= 450 and started becoming unstable as the angle of attack increased
or decreased from 450.
|
|
|
14. |
REMOVAL OF PHENOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY ADSORPTION ON YEAST, SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE |
by Mambo Moyo, Eusebia Mutare, Fidelis Chigondo & Benias C. Nyamunda |
Abstract |
The
aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative adsorbent for phenol
removal from aqueous solution .The Saccharomyces cerevisiae
was characterised by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and Fourier transform
(FT-IR). Adsorption properties of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae towards phenol were systematically investigated, including pH effect,
adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. The adsorption
of phenol decreased with increasing pH. The experimental data were analysed by Langmuir
and Freundlich models in order to describe the equilibrium isotherms. Equilibrium
data fitted well to the Langmuir model with correlating constant
(R2)
higher than 0.99. The study showed that
Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a new and efficient adsorbent
material for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution.
|
|
|
15. |
TL GLOW CURVE AND EFFECT OF ANNEALING ANALYSIS ON NATURAL BARITE COLLECTED FROM MANGAMPETA, INDIA |
by V. Ramaswamy & I. Kalaiarasia |
Abstract |
The thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) glow curve characteristics
of ten barite crystals of Mangampeta mines (Cuddapah
District of Andhra Pradesh, India)
were analysed. The natural thermoluminescence (NTL) measurements were carried out
for all the samples and show three peaks at 80ºC, 120ºC and 295°C, when
recorded with linear heating rate of 10°C/sec. The sample irradiated with a gamma
dose of 100 Gy shows a new peak at 215°C with
NTL observation, but the absence of 295°C glow
peak. The annealed sample also shows the same trend. The sample was annealed in
air at the temperatures ranging from 200°C to 1000°C, at an interval of 50°C, for
1 hr duration. Annealing treatment above 400°C increases
the sensitivity of 215°C TSL peak but there is no change in other two peaks. On
the other hand, annealing at 800°C caused
a complete removal of low temperature peaks (80ºC and 120ºC). The enhancement in
TSL sensitivity was found to depend on the annealing temperature. The optimum annealing
temperature was fixed for getting maximum TL sensitivity.
|
|
|
16. |
COMPARISON OF ECG SIGNAL DENOISING ALGORITHMS IN EMD AND WAVELET DOMAINS |
by Md. Ashfanoor Kabir & Celia Shahnaz |
Abstract |
This paper presents a detail analysis on the Electrocardiogram (ECG) denoising approaches based on noise reduction algorithms in Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Discrete
Wavelet Transform (DWT) domains. Compared to other denoising methods such as; filtering,
independent and principle component analysis, neural networks, and adaptive filtering,
EMD and wavelet domain denoising algorithms are found more effective in the reduction
of noise from the ECG signal. Denoising methods in EMD domain depends on the number
of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) to be discarded or noise compensated and that
in wavelet domain rely on the number of
decomposition levels as well as selection
of threshold value for each level. This paper provides the performance analyses
of ECG signal denoising algorithms in EMD and wavelet domains thus comparing there
effectiveness in reducing the noise. For analyses purpose, extensive simulations
are carried out using the MIT-BIH database and the performances are evaluated in
terms of standard metrics namely, SNR improvement in dB, Mean Square Error (MSE)
and Percent Root Mean Square Difference (PRD). Results show that denoising schemes involving both EMD and wavelet domains are able to reduce noise from ECG signals
more accurately and consistently in comparison to noise reduction algorithms in
EMD or wavelet domain alone.
|
|
|
17. |
MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION ABOUT MEDIAN AS A TOOL OF EXPLANATORY DATA ANALYSIS |
by Elsayed A.E. Habib |
Abstract |
Themean absolute deviation
about median (MAD median) is often regarded as a robust measure of the scale of
a distribution. In this paper it is shownthat the MAD median is a very rich statistic
and contains a lot of information not only about the scale but also about the shape
of a distribution. MAD median is shown graphically usingstandardized empirical distribution
function (SEDF chart). From this chart two concepts of skewness are introduced.
One of them in terms of fat tail whilethe second in terms of tail length. Moreoverthe
MAD median is used to compare and study the relationship between two variables through
MAD median correlation coefficients and SEDF chart.
|
|
|
18. |
BAYESIAN AND NON BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF ERLANG DISTRIBUTION UNDER PROGRESSIVE CENSORING |
by R.A. Bakoban |
Abstract |
Based on progressively
Type-II censored samples, the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators for the scale
parameter, reliability and cumulative hazard functions are derived. The Bayes estimators
are studied under symmetric (squared error) loss function and asymmetric (LINEX
and general entropy) loss functions. Tow techniques are used for computing the Bayes
estimates; standard Bayes and importance sampling methods. The performance of the
estimates are compared by using the mean square error and the relative absolute
bias through Monte Carlo simulation study.
|
|
|
19. |
EVALUATION OF INTERNAL EXPOSURE OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE STAFF USING
IN-VITRO AND ORGAN DOSE CALCULATION METHODOLOGIES |
by Nadia Helal |
Abstract |
The manipulation
of a wide variety of unsealed sources in nuclear medicine results in a significant
risk of internal exposure of the workers. 131I should be highlighted
among the most frequently used radionuclides because of its large application for
diagnosis and therapy of thyroid diseases. The increasing use of radionuclides for
medical purposes creates a demand for feasible methodologies to perform occupational
control of internal contamination. Currently in
Egypt
, there are ∼200 nuclear medicine
centers in operation but individual monitoring is
still restricted to the control
of external exposure. In a previous study by Rizk et al., [1], we have developed
an in- vitro bioassay technique aimed to assessment of the intake
due to inhalation of I-131 by workers in 3 Egyptian hospitals. Urine samples from
11 workers were collected after preparation and administration for I-131 and measured
with HPGe detection system. In this study, given these bioassay data, we were able to
estimate the average organ dose and committed effective doses of the staff working
in the hospitals mentioned above over a period of 50 yrs.
It would give us some confidence that the dose measure (as evaluated by MONDAL 3.0
software) might yield reasonable predictions for yet other workers (e.g., radiotherapies)
and other dose routes.
This paper describes the basic structure and validation
of MONDAL 3.0 with a practical use of the software. It also shows
if any of the
workers need routine monitoring.
|
|
|
20. |
POWER QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ISSUES OF INDUCTION GENERATOR FOR WIND POWER PLANTS |
by Jitendra Singh Shakya, R.K. Saket & Gurmit Singh |
Abstract |
Induction generators connected to the local grid may lead to severe power quality
problems such as flicker, voltage dip etc. Further, unbalancing of the supply system
may distort the supply voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The power
quality and reliability issues of an induction generator for embedded generation
have been analyzed in this paper. The behavior of the grid with connection/disconnection
of the induction generator, variable wind speed operation, unbalancing, and harmonic
injection have been simulated using MATLAB. The voltage dip transients, harmonics,
voltage flicker, voltage unbalance of the supply system have been described to ascertain
the impact of induction generator on reliability and power quality of the supply.
|
|
|
21. |
SOME BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF PERSEA AMERICANA |
by Agomuo E.N., Amadi B.A. & Duru M.K.C. |
Abstract |
Vitamin, amino acid and haematological studies on leaves and fruits of Perseaamericana was carried out. Results
obtained for vitamins, showed higher concentrations of niacin,ascorbic acid and
tocopherol in the studied fruitsthan leaves. Aside serine and tyrosine, other amino
acids investigated in both samples were appreciably high.Rats placed on leaves and
fruits of the studied sample showed insignificant (p>0.05) effect in levels of
RBC,Hb, and WBC when compared to those of the control. Neutrophils, lymphocytes,
MCH, and MCHC were significantly affected (p<0.05) in test rats against those
of the control rats. The study has shown that consumption of leaves or fruit of
P.americana may induce a hypochromic
or
normocytic condition in the body.
|
|
|
22. |
THE PREVALENCE OF WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER AMONG OCCUPATIONAL TAXICABS DRIVERS IN NIGERIA |
by Onawumi A. Samuel & Lucas E. Babajide |
Abstract |
This work investigates the opinion of operators of Taxicabs
in Nigerian on some ergonomic factors influencing their safety, comfort and performance
while driving. Participatory ergonomic intervention approach (PEIA) and workspace
analysis were used in the evaluation of ergonomic suitability of driver-vehicle
system. 1406 drivers were sampled randomly in the study area and a minimum responds
rate of 92% was achieved. Significant prevalence of WRMD reported among
respondents on the four body
segments are located at the neck(67%), right and left wrists(18%, 20%), upper, middle
and lower back (29%, 29%, 30%), and buttock (19%) of the operators. The potentials
of carrying out ergonomic investigation on taxicab operators through direct involvement
of major stakeholders in the transportation business has been demonstrated and found
very useful in the development of user friendly vehicle for Taxicab operator in
Nigeria.
|
|
|